Overview of Inner Ear Disorders
The inner ear contains two critical functional systems: the cochlea (hearing) and the vestibular labyrinth (balance). Disorders can affect either or both systems, producing hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or vestibular symptoms.
Menière's Disease
Characterized by episodic vertigo attacks (20 min–24 hours), fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Caused by endolymphatic hydrops. Physiotherapy helps with inter-attack balance rehabilitation and fall prevention. Medical management is primary.
Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis
Sudden-onset acute vestibular failure, typically following viral illness. Vestibular rehabilitation (begun early) significantly accelerates central compensation. Most patients recover well within 6–12 weeks.
Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)
Benign tumour on the vestibular nerve. Treatment (observation, radiation, or surgery) is determined by tumour size and growth. Post-surgical vestibular rehabilitation is critical for functional recovery.
Long-Term Management
All chronic inner ear disorders benefit from vestibular rehabilitation, lifestyle modifications (stress management, dietary changes in Menière's), and regular physiotherapy assessment to monitor compensation.