Why Exercise Treats Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is not simply 'wear and tear' — it is an active biological process involving inflammation, cartilage matrix breakdown, and bone remodelling. Exercise is the most effective treatment for knee OA according to multiple systematic reviews and clinical guidelines.
Knee OA Exercise Program
Quadriceps strengthening (isometric quad sets, leg press, wall sits), aerobic exercise (cycling is ideal — low impact, high joint lubrication), and gentle range of motion exercises performed daily.
Hip OA Exercise Program
Hip abductor strengthening (clamshells, side-lying hip abduction), hip flexor stretching, aquatic therapy, and walking programs all significantly reduce hip OA pain and improve function.
The Role of Weight Management
Each 1 kg of body weight loss reduces knee joint loading by 4 kg during activities. Weight loss combined with exercise produces dramatically better outcomes than either alone.
When Is Joint Replacement Necessary?
Joint replacement is appropriate when persistent severe pain significantly limits activities despite 3–6 months of optimal physiotherapy, weight management, and appropriate medication.